Edit File: README.lib
Introduction ------------ libv4l is a collection of libraries which adds a thin abstraction layer on top of video4linux2 devices. The purpose of this (thin) layer is to make it easy for application writers to support a wide variety of devices without having to write separate code for different devices in the same class. All libv4l components are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2 or (at your option) any later version. libv4l consists of 3 different libraries: libv4lconvert ------------- libv4lconvert started as a library to convert from any (known) pixelformat to V4l2_PIX_FMT_BGR24, RGB24, YUV420 or YVU420. The list of know source formats is large and continually growing, so instead of keeping an (almost always outdated) list here in the README, I refer you to the source, see the list of defines at the top of libv4lconvert/libv4lconvert.c for the full list. For more details on the v4lconvert_ functions see libv4lconvert.h. Later on libv4lconvert was expanded to also be able to do various video processing functions to improve webcam video quality on a software basis. So the name no longer 100% covers the functionality. The video processing is split in to 2 parts, libv4lconvert/control and libv4lconvert/processing. The control part is used to offer video controls which can be used to control the video processing functions made available by libv4lconvert/processing. These controls are stored application wide (until reboot) by using a persistent shared memory object. libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video processing functionality. libv4l1 ------- This offers functions like v4l1_open, v4l1_ioctl, etc. which can by used to quickly make v4l1 applications work with v4l2 devices. These functions work exactly like the normal open/close/etc, except that libv4l1 does full emulation of the v4l1 api on top of v4l2 drivers, in case of v4l1 drivers it will just pass calls through. For more details on the v4l1_ functions see libv4l1.h . libv4l2 ------- This offers functions like v4l2_open, v4l2_ioctl, etc. which can by used to quickly make v4l2 applications work with v4l2 devices with weird formats. libv4l2 mostly passes calls directly through to the v4l2 driver. When the app does a TRY_FMT / S_FMT with a not supported format libv4l2 will get in the middle and emulate the format (if an app wants to know which formats the hardware can _really_ do it should use ENUM_FMT, not randomly try a bunch of S_FMT's). For more details on the v4l2_ functions see libv4l2.h . wrappers -------- The functionality provided by libv4l1 for v4l1 apps and libv4l2 for v4l2 apps can also be used by existing apps without modifying them. For this purpose 2 wrapper libraries are provided which can be preloaded before starting the application using the LD_PRELOAD environment variable. These wrappers will then intercept calls to open/close/ioctl/etc. and if these calls directed towards a video device the wrapper will redirect the call to the libv4lX counterparts. The preloadable libv4l1 wrapper which adds v4l2 device compatibility to v4l1 applications is called v4l1compat.so. The preloadable libv4l2 wrapper which adds support for various pixelformats to v4l2 applications is called v4l2convert.so. Example usage (after install in default location): $ export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so $ camorama Prerequisites ------------- libv4l requires shmem file system support in the kernel (CONFIG_SHMEM). Installation Instructions ------------------------- Simple type the following commands from the libv4l-x.y.z directory (adjusting PREFIX as desired): make make install PREFIX=/usr/local Note: make install also supports the DESTDIR=... parameter for installation into chroots. If you require static libraries to also be built, these can be compiled along with the dynamic equivalents by defining LINKTYPE to 'static', e.g.: make LINKTYPE=static make install LINKTYPE=static FAQ --- Q: Why libv4l, whats wrong with directly accessing v4l2 devices ? Q: Do we really need yet another library ? A: Current webcam using applications like ekiga contain code to handle many different specific pixelformats webcam's use, but that code only supports a small subset of all native webcam (compressed) pixelformats. Other current v4l2 applications do not support anything but rgb pixelformats (xawtv for example) and this will not work with most webcams at all. With gspca being ported to v4l2 and thus decoding to normal formats being removed from the device driver as this really belongs in userspace, ekiga would need to be extended with many more often chip dependent formats, like the bayer compression used by the spca561 and the (different) compression used by the pac207 and the (again different) compression used by the sn9c102. Adding support for all these formats should not be done at the application level, as then it needs to be written for each application separately. Licensing issues with the decompressors will then also become a problem as just cut and pasting from one application to another is bound to hit license incompatibilities. So clearly this belongs in a library, and in a library with a license which allows this code to be used from as many different applications as possible. Hence libv4l was born. Q: Under which license may I use and distribute libv4l? A: The libv4l libraries are licensed under the GNU Library General Publishing License version 2 or (at your option) any later version. See the included COPYING.LIB file. The decompression helpers are licensed under the GNU Library Publishing License version 2 (as they are derived from kernel code) Q: Okay so I get the use of having a libv4lconvert, but why libv4l1 ? A: Many v4l2 drivers do not offer full v4l1 compatibility. They often do not implemented the CGMBUF ioctl and v4l1 style mmap call. Adding support to all these drivers for this is a lot of work and more importantly unnecessary adds code to kernel space. Also even if the CGMBUF ioctl and v4l1 style mmap are supported, then most cams still deliver pixelformats which v4l1 applications do not understand. This libv4l1 was born as an easy way to get v4l1 applications to work with v4l2 devices without requiring full v4l1 emulation (including format conversion) in the kernel, and without requiring major changes to the applications. Q: Why should I use libv4l2 in my app instead of direct device access combined with libv4lconvert? A: libv4l2 is mainly meant for quickly and easily adding support for more pixelformats to existing v4l2 applications. So if you feel better directly accessing the device in combination with libv4lconvert that's fine too. Notice that libv4l2 also does emulation of the read() call on devices which do not support it in the driver. In the background this uses mmap buffers (even on devices which do support the read call). This mmap gives libv4lconvert zero-copy access to the captured frame, and then it can write the converted data directly to the buffer the application provided to v4l2_read(). Thus another reason to use libv4l2 is to get the no memcpy advantage of the mmap capture method combined with the simplicity of making a simple read() call. Q: Where to send bugreports / questions? A: Please send libv4l questions / bugreports to the: Linux Media Mailing List <linux-media@vger.kernel.org> Subscription is not necessary to send mail to this list. If you're not subscribed please put yourself in the CC of your original mail so you will receive replies. Q: How do I port my application to libv4l1? A: Just replace the open call for your device by v4l1_open and all following calls concerning this device file descriptor by their counterpart v4l1_xxx (for a list see libv4l1.h). Q: How do I port my application to libv4l2? A: Just replace the open call for your device by v4l2_open and all following calls concerning this device file descriptor by their counterpart v4l2_xxx (for a list see libv4l2.h). Q: I still need an example how to convert my application! A: Check out the patches for the VLC media player: https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/attachment/ticket/1804/vlc-0.8.6-libv4l1.patch https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/attachment/ticket/1804/vlc-0.8.6-libv4l2.patch