Edit File: readline.html
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Optional Operating System Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-readline"> <span id="readline-gnu-readline-interface"></span><h1>16.8. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt></a> — GNU readline interface<a class="headerlink" href="#module-readline" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt></a> module defines a number of functions to facilitate completion and reading/writing of history files from the Python interpreter. This module can be used directly or via the <a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter" title="rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></tt></a> module. Settings made using this module affect the behaviour of both the interpreter’s interactive prompt and the prompts offered by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#raw_input" title="raw_input"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">raw_input()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#input" title="input"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">input()</span></tt></a> built-in functions.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p>On MacOS X the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt></a> module can be implemented using the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libedit</span></tt> library instead of GNU readline.</p> <p class="last">The configuration file for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libedit</span></tt> is different from that of GNU readline. If you programmatically load configuration strings you can check for the text “libedit” in <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline.__doc__</span></tt> to differentiate between GNU readline and libedit.</p> </div> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.parse_and_bind"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">parse_and_bind</tt><big>(</big><em>string</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.parse_and_bind" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse and execute single line of a readline init file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_line_buffer"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_line_buffer</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_line_buffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current contents of the line buffer.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.insert_text"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">insert_text</tt><big>(</big><em>string</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.insert_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Insert text into the command line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.read_init_file"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">read_init_file</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.read_init_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse a readline initialization file. The default filename is the last filename used.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.read_history_file"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">read_history_file</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.read_history_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Load a readline history file. The default filename is <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.history</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.write_history_file"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">write_history_file</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>filename</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.write_history_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Save a readline history file. The default filename is <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.history</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.clear_history"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">clear_history</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.clear_history" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Clear the current history. (Note: this function is not available if the installed version of GNU readline doesn’t support it.)</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_history_length"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_history_length</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the desired length of the history file. Negative values imply unlimited history file size.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_history_length"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_history_length</tt><big>(</big><em>length</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the number of lines to save in the history file. <a class="reference internal" href="#readline.write_history_file" title="readline.write_history_file"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">write_history_file()</span></tt></a> uses this value to truncate the history file when saving. Negative values imply unlimited history file size.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_current_history_length"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_current_history_length</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_current_history_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the number of lines currently in the history. (This is different from <a class="reference internal" href="#readline.get_history_length" title="readline.get_history_length"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_history_length()</span></tt></a>, which returns the maximum number of lines that will be written to a history file.)</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_history_item"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_history_item</tt><big>(</big><em>index</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current contents of history item at <em>index</em>.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.remove_history_item"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">remove_history_item</tt><big>(</big><em>pos</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.remove_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove history item specified by its position from the history.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.replace_history_item"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">replace_history_item</tt><big>(</big><em>pos</em>, <em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.replace_history_item" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Replace history item specified by its position with the given line.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.redisplay"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">redisplay</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.redisplay" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Change what’s displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents of the line buffer.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_startup_hook"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_startup_hook</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_startup_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set or remove the startup_hook function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be used as the new startup_hook function; if omitted or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, any hook function already installed is removed. The startup_hook function is called with no arguments just before readline prints the first prompt.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_pre_input_hook"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_pre_input_hook</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_pre_input_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set or remove the pre_input_hook function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be used as the new pre_input_hook function; if omitted or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, any hook function already installed is removed. The pre_input_hook function is called with no arguments after the first prompt has been printed and just before readline starts reading input characters.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_completer"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_completer</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set or remove the completer function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be used as the new completer function; if omitted or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, any completer function already installed is removed. The completer function is called as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">function(text,</span> <span class="pre">state)</span></tt>, for <em>state</em> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt>, ..., until it returns a non-string value. It should return the next possible completion starting with <em>text</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_completer"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_completer</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the completer function, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if no completer function has been set.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_completion_type"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_completion_type</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completion_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the type of completion being attempted.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_begidx"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_begidx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_begidx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the beginning index of the readline tab-completion scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_endidx"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_endidx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_endidx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the ending index of the readline tab-completion scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_completer_delims"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_completer_delims</tt><big>(</big><em>string</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completer_delims" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the readline word delimiters for tab-completion.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.get_completer_delims"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">get_completer_delims</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.get_completer_delims" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the readline word delimiters for tab-completion.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.set_completion_display_matches_hook"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">set_completion_display_matches_hook</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>function</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.set_completion_display_matches_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set or remove the completion display function. If <em>function</em> is specified, it will be used as the new completion display function; if omitted or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, any completion display function already installed is removed. The completion display function is called as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">function(substitution,</span> <span class="pre">[matches],</span> <span class="pre">longest_match_length)</span></tt> once each time matches need to be displayed.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6.</span></p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="readline.add_history"> <tt class="descclassname">readline.</tt><tt class="descname">add_history</tt><big>(</big><em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#readline.add_history" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Append a line to the history buffer, as if it was the last line typed.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#module-rlcompleter" title="rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>Completion of Python identifiers at the interactive prompt.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="example"> <span id="readline-example"></span><h2>16.8.1. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt></a> module’s history reading and writing functions to automatically load and save a history file named <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">.pyhist</span></tt> from the user’s home directory. The code below would normally be executed automatically during interactive sessions from the user’s <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONSTARTUP"><tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONSTARTUP</span></tt></a> file.</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span> <span class="n">histfile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"~"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">".pyhist"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">pass</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">atexit</span> <span class="n">atexit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_history_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The following example extends the <a class="reference internal" href="code.html#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">code.InteractiveConsole</span></tt></a> class to support history save/restore.</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">code</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">atexit</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HistoryConsole</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">InteractiveConsole</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">locals</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"<console>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"~/.console-history"</span><span class="p">)):</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">InteractiveConsole</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">locals</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">init_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_and_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"tab: complete"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"read_history_file"</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">pass</span> <span class="n">atexit</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save_history</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">save_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">histfile</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">16.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></tt> — GNU readline interface</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">16.8.1. Example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="mmap.html" title="previous chapter">16.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mmap</span></tt> — Memory-mapped file support</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="rlcompleter.html" title="next chapter">16.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></tt> — Completion function for GNU readline</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/readline.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="rlcompleter.html" title="16.9. rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="mmap.html" title="16.7. mmap — Memory-mapped file support" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="someos.html" >16. 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