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Tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="shlex.html" title="23.2. shlex — Simple lexical analysis" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk"> <span id="tkinter"></span><h1>24. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk<a class="headerlink" href="#graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p id="index-0">Tk/Tcl has long been an integral part of Python. It provides a robust and platform independent windowing toolkit, that is available to Python programmers using the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a> module, and its extensions, the <a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#module-Tix" title="Tix: Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tix</span></tt></a> and the <a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#module-ttk" title="ttk: Tk themed widget set"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">ttk</span></tt></a> modules.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a> module is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk. To use <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a>, you don’t need to write Tcl code, but you will need to consult the Tk documentation, and occasionally the Tcl documentation. <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a> is a set of wrappers that implement the Tk widgets as Python classes. In addition, the internal module <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">_tkinter</span></tt> provides a threadsafe mechanism which allows Python and Tcl to interact.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a>‘s chief virtues are that it is fast, and that it usually comes bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is weak, good material is available, which includes: references, tutorials, a book and others. <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-Tkinter" title="Tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt></a> is also famous for having an outdated look and feel, which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5. Nevertheless, there are many other GUI libraries that you could be interested in. For more information about alternatives, see the <a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html#other-gui-packages"><em>Other Graphical User Interface Packages</em></a> section.</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html">24.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tkinter</span></tt> — Python interface to Tcl/Tk</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-modules">24.1.1. Tkinter Modules</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-life-preserver">24.1.2. Tkinter Life Preserver</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-to-use-this-section">24.1.2.1. How To Use This Section</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-simple-hello-world-program">24.1.2.2. A Simple Hello World Program</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-very-quick-look-at-tcl-tk">24.1.3. A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#mapping-basic-tk-into-tkinter">24.1.4. Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-tk-and-tkinter-are-related">24.1.5. How Tk and Tkinter are Related</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#handy-reference">24.1.6. Handy Reference</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#setting-options">24.1.6.1. Setting Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-packer">24.1.6.2. The Packer</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#packer-options">24.1.6.3. Packer Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#coupling-widget-variables">24.1.6.4. Coupling Widget Variables</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-window-manager">24.1.6.5. The Window Manager</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tk-option-data-types">24.1.6.6. Tk Option Data Types</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#bindings-and-events">24.1.6.7. Bindings and Events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-index-parameter">24.1.6.8. The index Parameter</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#images">24.1.6.9. Images</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html">24.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ttk</span></tt> — Tk themed widgets</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#using-ttk">24.2.1. Using Ttk</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-widgets">24.2.2. Ttk Widgets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#widget">24.2.3. Widget</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#standard-options">24.2.3.1. Standard Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#scrollable-widget-options">24.2.3.2. Scrollable Widget Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#label-options">24.2.3.3. Label Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#compatibility-options">24.2.3.4. Compatibility Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#widget-states">24.2.3.5. Widget States</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-widget">24.2.3.6. ttk.Widget</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#combobox">24.2.4. Combobox</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#options">24.2.4.1. Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#virtual-events">24.2.4.2. Virtual events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-combobox">24.2.4.3. ttk.Combobox</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#notebook">24.2.5. Notebook</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id1">24.2.5.1. Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#tab-options">24.2.5.2. Tab Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#tab-identifiers">24.2.5.3. Tab Identifiers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id2">24.2.5.4. Virtual Events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-notebook">24.2.5.5. ttk.Notebook</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#progressbar">24.2.6. Progressbar</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id3">24.2.6.1. Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-progressbar">24.2.6.2. ttk.Progressbar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#separator">24.2.7. Separator</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id4">24.2.7.1. Options</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#sizegrip">24.2.8. Sizegrip</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#platform-specific-notes">24.2.8.1. Platform-specific notes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#bugs">24.2.8.2. Bugs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#treeview">24.2.9. Treeview</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id5">24.2.9.1. Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#item-options">24.2.9.2. Item Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#tag-options">24.2.9.3. Tag Options</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#column-identifiers">24.2.9.4. Column Identifiers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#id6">24.2.9.5. Virtual Events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-treeview">24.2.9.6. ttk.Treeview</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#ttk-styling">24.2.10. Ttk Styling</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ttk.html#layouts">24.2.10.1. Layouts</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html">24.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tix</span></tt> — Extension widgets for Tk</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#using-tix">24.3.1. Using Tix</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#tix-widgets">24.3.2. Tix Widgets</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#basic-widgets">24.3.2.1. Basic Widgets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#file-selectors">24.3.2.2. File Selectors</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#hierarchical-listbox">24.3.2.3. Hierarchical ListBox</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#tabular-listbox">24.3.2.4. Tabular ListBox</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#manager-widgets">24.3.2.5. Manager Widgets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#image-types">24.3.2.6. Image Types</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#miscellaneous-widgets">24.3.2.7. Miscellaneous Widgets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#form-geometry-manager">24.3.2.8. Form Geometry Manager</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tix.html#tix-commands">24.3.3. Tix Commands</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="scrolledtext.html">24.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ScrolledText</span></tt> — Scrolled Text Widget</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html">24.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">turtle</span></tt> — Turtle graphics for Tk</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#introduction">24.5.1. Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#overview-over-available-turtle-and-screen-methods">24.5.2. Overview over available Turtle and Screen methods</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#turtle-methods">24.5.2.1. Turtle methods</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen">24.5.2.2. Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#methods-of-rawturtle-turtle-and-corresponding-functions">24.5.3. Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#turtle-motion">24.5.3.1. Turtle motion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#tell-turtle-s-state">24.5.3.2. Tell Turtle’s state</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#settings-for-measurement">24.5.3.3. Settings for measurement</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#pen-control">24.5.3.4. Pen control</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#drawing-state">24.5.3.4.1. Drawing state</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#color-control">24.5.3.4.2. Color control</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#filling">24.5.3.4.3. Filling</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#more-drawing-control">24.5.3.4.4. More drawing control</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#turtle-state">24.5.3.5. Turtle state</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#visibility">24.5.3.5.1. Visibility</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#appearance">24.5.3.5.2. Appearance</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#using-events">24.5.3.6. Using events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#special-turtle-methods">24.5.3.7. Special Turtle methods</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#excursus-about-the-use-of-compound-shapes">24.5.3.8. Excursus about the use of compound shapes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#methods-of-turtlescreen-screen-and-corresponding-functions">24.5.4. Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#window-control">24.5.4.1. Window control</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#animation-control">24.5.4.2. Animation control</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#using-screen-events">24.5.4.3. Using screen events</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#settings-and-special-methods">24.5.4.4. Settings and special methods</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#methods-specific-to-screen-not-inherited-from-turtlescreen">24.5.4.5. Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#the-public-classes-of-the-module-turtle">24.5.5. The public classes of the module <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">turtle</span></tt></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#help-and-configuration">24.5.6. Help and configuration</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#how-to-use-help">24.5.6.1. How to use help</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#translation-of-docstrings-into-different-languages">24.5.6.2. Translation of docstrings into different languages</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#how-to-configure-screen-and-turtles">24.5.6.3. How to configure Screen and Turtles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="turtle.html#demo-scripts">24.5.7. Demo scripts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html">24.6. IDLE</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#menus">24.6.1. Menus</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#file-menu">24.6.1.1. File menu</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#edit-menu">24.6.1.2. Edit menu</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#windows-menu">24.6.1.3. Windows menu</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#debug-menu">24.6.1.4. Debug menu</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#edit-context-menu">24.6.1.5. Edit context menu</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#shell-context-menu">24.6.1.6. Shell context menu</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#basic-editing-and-navigation">24.6.2. Basic editing and navigation</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#automatic-indentation">24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#python-shell-window">24.6.2.2. Python Shell window</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#syntax-colors">24.6.3. Syntax colors</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#startup">24.6.4. Startup</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#command-line-usage">24.6.4.1. Command line usage</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html">24.7. 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