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Internet Protocols and Support</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-uuid"> <span id="uuid-uuid-objects-according-to-rfc-4122"></span><h1>20.15. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-uuid" title="uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt></a> — UUID objects according to RFC 4122<a class="headerlink" href="#module-uuid" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.5.</span></p> <p>This module provides immutable <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.UUID" title="uuid.UUID"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">UUID</span></tt></a> objects (the <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.UUID" title="uuid.UUID"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">UUID</span></tt></a> class) and the functions <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid1" title="uuid.uuid1"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid1()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid3" title="uuid.uuid3"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid3()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid4" title="uuid.uuid4"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid4()</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid5" title="uuid.uuid5"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid5()</span></tt></a> for generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5 UUIDs as specified in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122.html"><strong>RFC 4122</strong></a>.</p> <p>If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid1" title="uuid.uuid1"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid1()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid4" title="uuid.uuid4"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid4()</span></tt></a>. Note that <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid1" title="uuid.uuid1"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid1()</span></tt></a> may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing the computer’s network address. <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid4" title="uuid.uuid4"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid4()</span></tt></a> creates a random UUID.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="uuid.UUID"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">UUID</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>hex</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bytes</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bytes_le</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>fields</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>int</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>version</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits, a string of 16 bytes as the <em>bytes</em> argument, a string of 16 bytes in little-endian order as the <em>bytes_le</em> argument, a tuple of six integers (32-bit <em>time_low</em>, 16-bit <em>time_mid</em>, 16-bit <em>time_hi_version</em>, 8-bit <em>clock_seq_hi_variant</em>, 8-bit <em>clock_seq_low</em>, 48-bit <em>node</em>) as the <em>fields</em> argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the <em>int</em> argument. When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces, hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional. For example, these expressions all yield the same UUID:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'12345678123456781234567812345678'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="se">\x12\x34\x56\x78</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bytes_le</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="se">\x78\x56\x34\x12\x34\x12\x78\x56</span><span class="s">'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">'</span><span class="se">\x12\x34\x56\x78\x12\x34\x56\x78</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fields</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mh">0x12345678</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x1234</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x5678</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x34</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x567812345678</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mh">0x12345678123456781234567812345678</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Exactly one of <em>hex</em>, <em>bytes</em>, <em>bytes_le</em>, <em>fields</em>, or <em>int</em> must be given. The <em>version</em> argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID will have its variant and version number set according to RFC 4122, overriding bits in the given <em>hex</em>, <em>bytes</em>, <em>bytes_le</em>, <em>fields</em>, or <em>int</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.UUID" title="uuid.UUID"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">UUID</span></tt></a> instances have these read-only attributes:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.bytes"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">bytes</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.bytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID as a 16-byte string (containing the six integer fields in big-endian byte order).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.bytes_le"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">bytes_le</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.bytes_le" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID as a 16-byte string (with <em>time_low</em>, <em>time_mid</em>, and <em>time_hi_version</em> in little-endian byte order).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.fields"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">fields</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID, which are also available as six individual attributes and two derived attributes:</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="49%" /> <col width="51%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Field</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">time_low</span></tt></td> <td>the first 32 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">time_mid</span></tt></td> <td>the next 16 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">time_hi_version</span></tt></td> <td>the next 16 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">clock_seq_hi_variant</span></tt></td> <td>the next 8 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">clock_seq_low</span></tt></td> <td>the next 8 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">node</span></tt></td> <td>the last 48 bits of the UUID</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt></a></td> <td>the 60-bit timestamp</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">clock_seq</span></tt></td> <td>the 14-bit sequence number</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.hex"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">hex</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.hex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.int"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">int</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.int" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID as a 128-bit integer.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.urn"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">urn</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.urn" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.variant"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">variant</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.variant" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID variant, which determines the internal layout of the UUID. This will be one of the integer constants <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.RESERVED_NCS" title="uuid.RESERVED_NCS"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RESERVED_NCS</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.RFC_4122" title="uuid.RFC_4122"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RFC_4122</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.RESERVED_MICROSOFT" title="uuid.RESERVED_MICROSOFT"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RESERVED_MICROSOFT</span></tt></a>, or <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE" title="uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RESERVED_FUTURE</span></tt></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="uuid.UUID.version"> <tt class="descclassname">UUID.</tt><tt class="descname">version</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.UUID.version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only when the variant is <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.RFC_4122" title="uuid.RFC_4122"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RFC_4122</span></tt></a>).</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-uuid" title="uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="uuid.getnode"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">getnode</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.getnode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get the hardware address as a 48-bit positive integer. The first time this runs, it may launch a separate program, which could be quite slow. If all attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we choose a random 48-bit number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended in RFC 4122. “Hardware address” means the MAC address of a network interface, and on a machine with multiple network interfaces the MAC address of any one of them may be returned.</p> </dd></dl> <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="function"> <dt id="uuid.uuid1"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">uuid1</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>node</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>clock_seq</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.uuid1" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time. If <em>node</em> is not given, <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.getnode" title="uuid.getnode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">getnode()</span></tt></a> is used to obtain the hardware address. If <em>clock_seq</em> is given, it is used as the sequence number; otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen.</p> </dd></dl> <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="function"> <dt id="uuid.uuid3"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">uuid3</tt><big>(</big><em>namespace</em>, <em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.uuid3" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generate a UUID based on the MD5 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a UUID) and a name (which is a string).</p> </dd></dl> <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="function"> <dt id="uuid.uuid4"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">uuid4</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.uuid4" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generate a random UUID.</p> </dd></dl> <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="function"> <dt id="uuid.uuid5"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">uuid5</tt><big>(</big><em>namespace</em>, <em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.uuid5" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generate a UUID based on the SHA-1 hash of a namespace identifier (which is a UUID) and a name (which is a string).</p> </dd></dl> <p id="index-5">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-uuid" title="uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt></a> module defines the following namespace identifiers for use with <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid3" title="uuid.uuid3"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid3()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#uuid.uuid5" title="uuid.uuid5"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid5()</span></tt></a>.</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">NAMESPACE_DNS</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When this namespace is specified, the <em>name</em> string is a fully-qualified domain name.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.NAMESPACE_URL"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">NAMESPACE_URL</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.NAMESPACE_URL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When this namespace is specified, the <em>name</em> string is a URL.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.NAMESPACE_OID"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">NAMESPACE_OID</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.NAMESPACE_OID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When this namespace is specified, the <em>name</em> string is an ISO OID.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.NAMESPACE_X500"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">NAMESPACE_X500</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.NAMESPACE_X500" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When this namespace is specified, the <em>name</em> string is an X.500 DN in DER or a text output format.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-uuid" title="uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt></a> module defines the following constants for the possible values of the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">variant</span></tt> attribute:</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.RESERVED_NCS"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">RESERVED_NCS</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.RESERVED_NCS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reserved for NCS compatibility.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.RFC_4122"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">RFC_4122</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.RFC_4122" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Specifies the UUID layout given in <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122.html"><strong>RFC 4122</strong></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.RESERVED_MICROSOFT"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">RESERVED_MICROSOFT</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.RESERVED_MICROSOFT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reserved for Microsoft compatibility.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE"> <tt class="descclassname">uuid.</tt><tt class="descname">RESERVED_FUTURE</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reserved for future definition.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122.html"><strong>RFC 4122</strong></a> - A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace</dt> <dd>This specification defines a Uniform Resource Name namespace for UUIDs, the internal format of UUIDs, and methods of generating UUIDs.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="example"> <span id="uuid-example"></span><h2>20.15.1. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Here are some examples of typical usage of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-uuid" title="uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt></a> module:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">uuid</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a UUID based on the host ID and current time</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid1</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NAMESPACE_DNS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'python.org'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a random UUID</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid4</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NAMESPACE_DNS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'python.org'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bytes</span> <span class="go">'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># make a UUID from a 16-byte string</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">UUID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">20.15. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></tt> — UUID objects according to RFC 4122</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">20.15.1. Example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="telnetlib.html" title="previous chapter">20.14. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">telnetlib</span></tt> — Telnet client</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="urlparse.html" title="next chapter">20.16. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">urlparse</span></tt> — Parse URLs into components</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/uuid.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="urlparse.html" title="20.16. urlparse — Parse URLs into components" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="telnetlib.html" title="20.14. telnetlib — Telnet client" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="internet.html" >20. 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